Entrancemonics

Blood Type/Blood group     In this whole world all the people are born with a blood type   which may be similar or dissimilar to someone. Blood type is classified on the basis of presence or absence of antigen (surface of RBC ) and antibody. Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood type in 1901 for which he was rewarded with novel prize in 1930. In 1940 Landsteiner and Alexander wiener discovered Rh factor( Rhesus factor). According to International society for blood transfusion(ISBT) till   now 28 blood group system have been identified. What are Antigen and Antibody ?  Normal human body contains 5 liters of blood volume in which 55% is composed of plasma and 45% is composed of blood cells( RBC, WBC,Platelets).  Antigen are the protein molecules present in surface of RBC which have the capacity to stimulate antibodies. Antibodies are the protein found in plasma which helps in immune response. Types of antibodies( IgM, IgD, IgG,IgA,IgE). Blood type Antigen 

  EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION Mutation   A mutation is a change in DNA sequence. It makes the change in structure arrangement or quality of DNA of the chromosomes. Mutation is derived from Latin word ‘muto’ which means change. It is simply termed as heritable change in genotype of an organism.   Mutation in plant was studied by Hugo de vres  Mutation in    dorsophila melanogaster was studied by Thomas Morgan  There are many types of mutation but we are emphasizing in gene mutation  Types of gene mutation  Deletion Insertion or addition  Substitution  Why is it mutating ? If we explain it In simple language then it can be told that it is mutating for adaptation. Most of the mutation are silent    and may not be differentiated. Mutation not    only causes viable effect but also enables the organism to withstand the environment.  Mutation in SARS-COV-2  COVID-19 is caused by SSRNA virus. As it is RNA virus it includes ( Adenine, Uracile, Guanine, Cytocin) as the complimentary nitrogen bases.C

Educational information   Brooke Megan Greenberg was born on January8, 1993     weighing about four pound(1.8 kg). She died on October 24, 2013 due to bronchomalacia ( difficulty in breathing due to weak cartilage in walls of bronchial tubes.) surprisingly her mental age when she died was about of 1 year old baby. Development of her body organ were different. Her bones were like of 10 years but still had her baby teeth. How her condition was termed as  syndrome x? She was taken to many hospitals and was examined by many specialists but there was on diagnosis fo any known genetic syndrome . Therefore her condition was termed as syndrome x.  Confirmation of her condition   Later on her condition was termed as neotenic complex syndrome. It is a condition termed with developmental delay . Till this date it is said that it is seen in seven females. What if scientists could find reason behind aging and it’s treatment ?

Educational information/ It is an experimental treatment to treat patients using plasma collected form recovered patients. As we all know development of efficient vaccine take a lot of time so it can be used for the treatment of patients with the passive immunity (  immunity which is induced by introducing antibodies form other person). What is plasma ? A straw( yellowish) colored liquid which is obtained after extraction of blood cells it is largest component of human blood comprising about 55% .Plasma consist of water, salt, enzymes,antibodies and protein, clotting factors. It’s color is present due to bilirubin. What is convalescent plasma ?  Convalescent means     recovering from illness. Convalescent plasma means plasma extracted form recovered patient. What is convalescent plasma therapy ? It is an experimental treatment used to treat a patient using plasma extracted form recovered patients. People who are infected form COVID-19 generate  active immune response towards the virus