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Bombay Blood Type

Blood Type/Blood group
  In this whole world all the people are born with a blood type  which may be similar or dissimilar to someone. Blood type is classified on the basis of presence or absence of antigen (surface of RBC ) and antibody. Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood type in 1901 for which he was rewarded with novel prize in 1930. In 1940 Landsteiner and Alexander wiener discovered Rh factor( Rhesus factor). According to International society for blood transfusion(ISBT) till  now 28 blood group system have been identified.

What are Antigen and Antibody? 

Normal human body contains 5 liters of blood volume in which 55% is composed of plasma and 45% is composed of blood cells( RBC, WBC,Platelets). 

Antigen are the protein molecules present in surface of RBC which have the capacity to stimulate antibodies.

Antibodies are the protein found in plasma which helps in immune response. Types of antibodies( IgM, IgD, IgG,IgA,IgE).
Blood type
Antigen 
Antibody
A
A,H
a
B
B,H
b
AB
A,B,H
-
O
H
a,b
Bombay blood type
-
a,b,h


Bombay blood type 
Bombay blood type was first discovered in mumbai(then Bombay) by Y M Bhende. It has hh genotype which makes it the rarer one. It is said that hh blood type has an incidence of one in four million and in India it is found one in 10,000 people. It lacks H antigen due to which it contains anti a , anti b, anti h antibody in it’s plasma. 

H antigen 

H antigen is the precursor of ABO blood group. It can also be regarded as building block for the production of antigen in ABO blood type. H antigen is produced by a specific fucosyltransferase. Depending upon persons blood type the H antigen is converted into either A antigen, B antigen or both. In blood group O H antigen isn’t modified so can be found in highest amount. 

Does it mean it is more susceptible to disease? 

No it doesn’t mean s/he is susceptible to disease or have poor immune system. The only problem with this blood type arises during blood transfusion. Bombay blood type can donate their blood to any other blood type but can only receive blood from the similar one. 
Blood type
Can donate
Can receive
A
A, AB
A,O
B
B,AB
B,O
AB
AB
A,B,AB,O
O
A,B,AB,O
O

Difference of Bombay blood type with O blood type.

O blood group does not react with anti-A,B and AB but reacts with  anti-H which shows the clear differences between O and Bombay blood type.

Conclusion 
This shows it is not confirm that people only have ABO blood type, they may also have a different blood type so people should have clear knowledge on blood type before transfusion. 

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